ISI Order Code: TF
CPT Code: 83520
Clinical Significance:
Tissue factor (TF), also known as factor III or thromboplastin, is a transmembrane glycoprotein crucial in hemostasis. It is primarily expressed by subendothelial cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Upon vascular injury, TF is exposed to circulating blood and binds with factor VII/VIIa, forming the TF–FVIIa complex. This complex activates factors IX and X, leading to thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation. TF also plays roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor progression.
Quantifying tissue factor (TF) has important clinical applications in diagnosing and monitoring prothrombotic conditions. Elevated TF levels are associated with diseases such as cancer, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In cancer, especially pancreatic and glioblastoma, TF contributes to tumor progression and thrombosis risk. In sepsis, TF expression drives systemic coagulation and inflammation. Measuring TF levels can help assess thrombotic risk, guide anticoagulant therapy, and monitor disease progression.
Reference Range, Procedure & Expected Results
Reference Range:
21.0 – 57.8 pg/mL
Procedure:
Tissue Factor is measured by an immunoassay.
Expected Turnaround Time:
10 Business Days
Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of receipt of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering facility.Report: Sample Report
Patient Preparation:
none.
Specimen Collection:
3mL EDTA plasma should be collected and separated as soon as possible. Freeze EDTA plasma immediately after separation.
Minimum urine specimen size is 1.0 mL
Rejection Criteria:
- Gross hemolysis/lipemia/icteric
Shipping Instructions:
- Ship specimens frozen in dry ice.
References:
- 1. Mackman, N. (2010). Tissue factor in cardiovascular disease pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 30(8), 1185–1189. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207381
- 2. Deo, V. K., Yalavarthi, S., & Knight, J. S. (2020). Tissue factor in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Atherosclerosis, 307, 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.001
- 3. Verona, M., Costa, A., Marchi, M., & Legnani, C. (2024). Activated factor VII–antithrombin complex, a biomarker of tissue factor-related pathways in clinical settings: Cardiovascular disease to cancer. Diagnostics, 14(16), 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161711